@article{Gorman2012-GOROSI-3,number = {2},year = {2012},journal = {Philosophical Studies},abstract = {Patrick Toner has recently criticized accounts of substance provided by Kit Fine, E. J. Lowe, and the author, accounts which say (to a first approximation) that substances cannot depend on things other than their own parts. On Toner's analysis, the inclusion of this parts exception results in a disjunctive definition of substance rather than a unified account. In this paper (speaking only for myself, but in a way that would, I believe, support the other authors that Toner discusses), I first make clear what Toner's criticism is, and then I respond to it. Including the parts exception is not the adding of a second condition but instead the creation of a new single condition. Since it is not the adding of a condition, the result is not disjunctive. Therefore, the objection fails.},author = {Michael Gorman},title = {On Substantial Independence: A Reply to Patrick Toner},volume = {159},pages = {293--297}}@
ma tytuł
On Substantial Independence: A Reply to Patrick Toner